相變材料是什么？

What is a phase change material?

相變材料(PCM - Phase Change Material)是指隨溫度變化而改變物質(zhì)狀態(tài)并能提供潛熱的物質(zhì)。轉(zhuǎn)變物理性質(zhì)的過程稱為相變過程，這時相變材料將吸收或釋放大量的潛熱。例如水的相變過程（如圖）：

Phase Change Material refers to a substance that changes the state of a substance with temperature changes and can provide latent heat. The process of transforming physical properties is called the phase change process. At this time, the phase change material will absorb or release a large amount of latent heat. For example, the phase change process of water (as shown in the figure):

相變材料具有在一定溫度范圍內(nèi)改變其物理狀態(tài)的能力。以固－液相變?yōu)槔?，在加熱到熔化溫度時，就產(chǎn)生從固態(tài)到液態(tài)的相變，熔化的過程中，相變材料吸收并儲存大量的潛熱；當(dāng)相變材料冷卻時，儲存的熱量在一定的溫度范圍內(nèi)要散發(fā)到環(huán)境中去，進(jìn)行從液態(tài)到固態(tài)的逆相變。在這兩種相變過程中，所儲存或釋放的能量稱為相變潛熱。物理狀態(tài)發(fā)生變化時，材料自身的溫度在相變完成前幾乎維持不變，形成一個寬的溫度平臺，雖然溫度不變，但吸收或釋放的潛熱卻相當(dāng)大。

Phase change materials have the ability to change their physical state within a certain temperature range. Take the solid-liquid phase transition for example. When heated to the melting temperature, a phase change from solid to liquid occurs. During the melting process, the phase change material absorbs and stores a large amount of latent heat; when the phase change material cools, the stored Heat must be dissipated to the environment within a certain temperature range, and the reverse phase change from liquid to solid is carried out. During these two phase transitions, the stored or released energy is called the latent heat of phase transition. When the physical state changes, the temperature of the material itself remains almost unchanged before the phase change is completed, forming a wide temperature platform. Although the temperature does not change, the latent heat absorbed or released is quite large.

相變材料的應(yīng)用

Application of phase change materials

由于外太空溫度屬于極寒或極熱環(huán)境，對宇航員、航天器的保護(hù)要求非常嚴(yán)格，普通材料無法適應(yīng)惡劣條件，因此，需要特殊材料進(jìn)行保護(hù)。美國和前蘇聯(lián)科學(xué)家首先研制出相變材料，使得宇航員的服裝、返回艙外殼等得以應(yīng)用。該技術(shù)一直處于壟斷地位。我國進(jìn)入21世紀(jì)以來，經(jīng)過科學(xué)家的不斷努力，已經(jīng)克服了關(guān)鍵技術(shù)部分，開始進(jìn)行實際運(yùn)用。

Because the temperature of outer space is extremely cold or extremely hot, the protection requirements for astronauts and spacecraft are very strict, and ordinary materials cannot adapt to harsh conditions. Therefore, special materials are required for protection. Scientists in the United States and the former Soviet Union first developed phase-change materials, which enabled astronauts’ clothing and return capsule shells to be used. The technology has always been in a monopoly position. Since my country entered the 21st century, through the continuous efforts of scientists, the key technology has been overcome and practical applications have begun.

家紡服裝（Home Textiles）
在家紡服裝領(lǐng)域，使用相變材料，將相變材料植入纖維中，可以極大的改變?nèi)藗兊纳钯|(zhì)量，不使用任何能源，可以讓普通衣服、床品變成微空調(diào)。

In the field of home textile clothing, the use of phase change materials and the implantation of phase change materials into fibers can greatly change people's quality of life. Without using any energy, ordinary clothes and bedding can be turned into micro air conditioners.

制冷設(shè)備（Refrigeration equipment）
傳統(tǒng)制冷設(shè)備，如空調(diào)、冷藏車、冷庫，均是采取壓縮機(jī)制冷技術(shù)進(jìn)行制冷，不僅耗電，而且不環(huán)保。采用相變技術(shù)，可以替代壓縮機(jī)進(jìn)行制冷，節(jié)能60%以上。

Traditional refrigeration equipment, such as air conditioners, refrigerated trucks, and cold storage, all adopt compressor refrigeration technology for refrigeration, which not only consumes electricity, but is also not environmentally friendly. Using phase change technology, it can replace compressors for refrigeration, saving more than 60% of energy.

通訊、電力（Communication, electricity)
在通訊、電力等設(shè)備箱（間）降溫方面，相變材料可以節(jié)省設(shè)備成本75%以上。在通訊領(lǐng)域，已經(jīng)廣泛應(yīng)用于通訊基站的機(jī)房、電池組間，使傳統(tǒng)的一年壽命的設(shè)備可以延長到4年或更多。

In terms of cooling of equipment boxes (rooms) such as communications and power, phase change materials can save equipment costs by more than 75%. In the communication field, it has been widely used in the computer room and battery pack room of the communication base station, so that the traditional one-year life of the equipment can be extended to 4 years or more.

節(jié)能建筑(Energy-efficient buildings)

相變儲能建筑材料兼?zhèn)淦胀ńú暮拖嘧儾牧蟽烧叩膬?yōu)點，能夠吸收和釋放適量的熱能；能夠和其他傳統(tǒng)建筑材料同時使用；不需要特殊的知識和技能來安裝使用蓄熱建筑材料；能夠用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)生產(chǎn)設(shè)備生產(chǎn)；在經(jīng)濟(jì)效益上具有競爭性。

Phase change energy storage building materials have the advantages of both ordinary building materials and phase change materials, and can absorb and release an appropriate amount of heat energy; they can be used simultaneously with other traditional building materials; no special knowledge and skills are required to install and use heat storage building materials; It can be produced with standard production equipment; it is economically competitive.

相變材料阻燃性測試報告

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